Quantum Computing

Punit 00:00  
The quantum world awaits us. Yes, we've been talking of privacy, then we were talking of trust, and now we are talking of AI and the emerging tech. But very soon, or rather, right now, the quantum computing is in its infancy and that will throw up new possibilities, new opportunities, and new challenges. Of course it'll create new risks as well. So the world will be changing, the world will be shifting. How would it shift? And more simply, what is quantum computing? How does it create an impact? Which stage of evolution is it in? And how will AI transform itself or quantum computing transform AI or computing in itself? How would it impact privacy? Would there be secrets or would there be no secrets? How would it impact the encryption we have? All these are very interesting questions and we need somebody with lots of energy, the quantum energy as we call it, and we have exactly that kind of a person in Ramsés Gallego who has an experience of over 25 years.  Is a frequent public speaker, so let's go and talk to Ramsés. 

 FiT4Privacy Introduction 01:19 
Hello and welcome to the Fit4Privacy Podcast with Punit Bhatia. This is the podcast for those who care about their privacy. Here, your host, Punit Bhatia has conversations with industry leaders about their perspectives, ideas, and opinions relating to privacy, data protection, and related matters. Be aware that the views and opinions expressed in this podcast are not legal advice. Let us get started. 

Punit 01:48 
So welcome to another edition of the Fit4Privacy podcast, and here we are with Ramsés, welcome to Fit4Privacy Podcast. 

Ramsés 01:56
Oh, thank you for having me. It's truly a pleasure to be with you, with your audience and you know, to have a conversation around different topics and angles. So, I'm thrilled to be with you today and with the rest of you, of course. 

Punit 02:07  
It's a pleasure to be with you and have you in this podcast. So, let's start with the basic question. With this quantum AI, emerging tech and all. You name it, and it's there. 

Ramsés 02:18 
Yep. 

Punit 02:19  
The trust is on the spot, and then people are talking digital trust. What is this digital trust?  

Ramsés 02:26  
Yeah, absolutely. I mean, let me start by saying that trust. Trust is subjective in nature, isn't it? I mean, someone is not trustable because she or he says so someone is trustable because we, meaning the third party decides. So you can do, of course, do things towards gaining trust. Of course it should be objective because you sound trustable, you look trustable. Your actions provide confidence, of course. But at the end of the day. Trust is earned. Trust is given by that third party, let's say, a customer or maybe a partner or maybe a friend, you know, so the same goes with digital trust, digital trust, as far as ISACA definition, you know, is the confidence in the integrity of relations, transactions, and interactions in the digital ecosystem. So, you can do things and we do all things, you know, countries and regions and companies. We do all things to gain trust. To earn that digital trust is, that is in the eyes of the beholder. They say in English, right? Is it I decide to trust in my bank, in my cloud service provider, in my, you know, in, that, that the network is, good. You know, that the, transaction is encrypted, you know, so digital trust is that confidence, that faith, if you allow me to use this word, I don't want to go into religion, but at the end of the day is about. Believing that everything is sound robust and solid, and it could be AI and I'm pretty sure that we will talk about that in a few minutes. But the same goes with quantum, you know, encryption and the same goes with blockchain and, identity management and everything in the middle. So digital trust and belongs to that, special. Ecosystem. That is the internet and social media and those devices that we carry on our pockets, you know, 24, way seven. But digital trust is that confidence. I would say that faith, again, if you allow me to use, to use that word in the digital ecosystem. 

Punit 04:33  
No, that's very well said. It's the faith, it's the trust and it has to be earned, but it's also subjective. So the way I see it is you do a few things. You as an organization, take a few actions. Those actions lead to some perceptions, and that perceptions then lead to some subjective outcome saying this seems, because it's always a perception, Ramsés 04:56  yeah, 

Punit 04:56 
 This seems to be a trustworthy company or trustworthy product. And now let's get into the two elements. Because not everybody's certain on what is quantum. Most people are talking of AI. Okay, so let's first demystify what is quantum before we get into the deep. 

Ramsés 05:10 
Alright. Very rapidly because I teach on quantum around the world, so I'm gonna, I will try to squeeze, you know, uh, the whole discipline into the following. Quantum is that branch of science, of computing. I'm gonna talk about quantum computing that uses the, strange things and the strange laws of quantum mechanics and quantum physics. Let me, pause here for a second. So it's quantum mechanics and quantum physics. The way the universe works, which is different from our understanding of gravity and the Newtonian, let's say understanding of the world, quantum mechanics and quantum physics applied to computing, which of course is, is what is this conversation is about. Okay. Then, in our regular, let's say technology, the way we use the internet and our pictures and movies and invoices and documents and everything and, are about, are made out of zeroes and ones beats, zeros and ones, and then the combination of 0 0 1, 1 0, et cetera, is, you know, our files and our documents, okay. In the kingdom. Quantum mechanics and quantum physics. There is, there are no bits. They work with qubits, qubits, queue from quantum, and there is a very weird, there's a very strange feature of the nature of quantum mechanics and quantum physics, that there's one state of matter, which is a cubit, a photon of light, a Fulton of light that can either have a position of a zero, a one or both things at the same time. This is critical. Both things at the same time. This is called super position and because super position, we can do things with that photon of light that are sometimes inexplicable, sometimes it's very unique. It's not the way ours, let me call it legacy computing words. You know, even the fastest computer on the planet. Work with zeros and one's quantum computers, by the way they exist today. They work with zero ones or both things at the same time. That's called a superposition. And it changes a lot of things that we, put it, we still teach today at the universities, you know, we still teach encryption in a way that quantum computing challenges it. Big time. Let me give it back to you because I know that you have questions for me, but basically, quantum computing is, another game in terms of, how we compute, in terms of why, how we storage information, and especially for encryption. And this is critical for privacy, and this is critical for trust, as you may imagine. And for this conversation, especially for trust and especially for privacy, the way we create secret and keep it secret is challenged. In a big way by quantum encryption or post quantum encryption back to you. 

Punit 07:58  
That makes sense, Ramsés. But I have a follow up question on Quantum. 

Ramsés 08:03  
Of course. 

Punit 08:04 
 Cause my understanding is quantum computing is a few years away or a few decades away, but you mentioned that quantum computers exist right now, so help me understand 

Ramsés 08:13  
That's correct. That is correct. Let me, give you chapter two of my answer. Right. Quantum computer exists today. Yes, they do. Yes they do. And I'm gonna say it again. Yes, they do, but they are in their infancy. But right now, if you have like $15 million. $15 million. That's the tag    price for Google's D-Wave quantum computer. IBM has quantum computers. Amazon. Amazon has a quantum computing as a service, so they exist today, but they are babies. They are not universal purpose computers. They are not like the computers we have today that you can see a Netflix movie or do a document or you know, or browse the internet. No, they don't do that because they are a single purpose. Let's say, computers. They are, they are babies. You know, they work with cubits, as I said before, but they are roughly today at around 2000 ish cubits. So 1000, 1,500, 2000 ish. The real big problem when universal quantum computing will arrive, and you are right. It is not tomorrow. It's not gonna be next quarter. It is not gonna be next year. You said, and let me disagree a little bit with that. You said decades from now, I'm sorry. That's not my perception, that's not my research. Certainly it's not gonna be next year. It not gonna be in, it is not gonna be in the next three, but certainly it's not gonna be in the next 30 or 50 years from today. My understanding is. 7, 9, 12, maybe 15. I know I'm giving you a range, but it's not 50 years from today. It's not 30 years from today. We will see, you know, again, they exist today, so, universal com quantum computing will arrive again, not in 2026. Not in 2027. But  certainly 2033, 2035 universally designed quantum computers and remember that? And this is being recorded. So remember this, podcast, and, we can come back to it, you know, years from today, and you will see 7, 9, 10, 12 ish years from now, which is very challenging by the way, because what I said, it challenges the way we keep secrets, and that's very important, I think. Any secret. 

Punit 10:31 
 That makes sense. No, that makes sense. So, the guess is, I mean, of course the technology is evolving, so it's always difficult to predict when it'll come. 

Ramsés 10:38  
Yeah. yeah 

Punit 10:39  
This is somewhere in 2000 thirties. It'll be there. The reality. 

Ramsés 10:43  
Yeah. 

Punit 10:43  
We don't, early thirties. Late thirties, that's fine. But, or, maybe few years here and there. So, but it's not far away. It'll be in our lifetimes. Now, what is said about, and what I understand about quantum computing is that it will change the way we do things. So when we are talking about AI, artificial intelligence, there are some limitations because of the processing capabilities, because of the how much data and how much, aspects like you mentioned zeros and one, can we hold? 

Ramsés 11:11  
Correct. 

Punit 11:12  
But if we can have that in finite number of possibilities relatively from quantum computing, then the AI game would change. Can you talk about that? What would change? Why is it so No hyped technology, the quantum, because that's the next big wave, right? 

Ramsés 11:24  
Absolutely, absolutely. I want to be cautious on combining. Two, let's say the two buzzwords of the decades, I would say, you know, when, we. 

Punit 11:33 
Yeah

Ramsés 11:34  
One decade ago, or seven years ago, nine years ago, we were talking about cloud. Cloud was the, the buzzword of the decade, you know, and then we were talking about who cloud when, cloud, where cloud and you know, cloud. Look at cloud. Now it's, it's there. I mean, actually  this is happening because cloud exists, you know, and we share documents and we collaborate with documents. We still have. To ask those questions, don't get me wrong, but it has been built into the fabrics of operating systems and applications. Cloud is there. Okay, so AI is gonna be exactly the same. Now is the time to ask about everything and anything related, related to AI as you know how to trust AI, which AI. You know, how to guardrail, you know, the right prompts from AI sharing information, da da, da, da, the sources of the truth, you know? So, of course, but in five years from now, it will be one aspect, more of operating systems. Actually today. I mean, if you're using Copilot or Siri or Gemini, or Dali or Grok, any, of those, they are already now at three clicks of distance. Imagine five years from today or 70 or the next version of operating system, windows, Unix, Mac, oss, et cetera. Right? So I want to be very cautious on, while that has its own, you know, path. I mean, combining it with quantum computing, which, you are right. It's unparalleled, let me say it again. Unparalleled computing. it's another game. It's another, it's another way of, looking through databases. In an instant why, because of superposition that I described a few minutes ago. So, but I want to be cautious on, how to combine quantum computing. Remember, they are not yet universal computers, you know, they are, designed for optimization problems, one specific problem at a time, not many again, I want to, I want to be very, uh, cautious on how I combine it, but certainly. If you, when,  quantum computing on a, when we get to 10,000 qubits, Punit, and this is important for you, for the audience, 10,000 qubits. We are not there yet. We are a 2000 ish computer, qubits. Sorry. But when we get to 10,000 qubits, the Shores algorithm, shores algorithm was embedded in 1997. Shore's algorithm is designed to factorized large prime numbers. To Factorized, super large prime numbers encryption is built on the quote unquote impossibility of breaking, of factorized large prime numbers. Actually, when you are, when you and I, we send encrypted messages is based on the exchange keys that makes it, you know, like in 1 million years if someone tries to hack us. I mean, they, they need, massive computing force in order to break that encryption. So we say it's almost impossible or super, super, super, super difficult to do that. Okay. Shores algorithm, 1997 is built exactly to factorized, large prime numbers still today, 2025. We cannot run effectively and efficiently shores algorithm because we don't have enough computing power. With 10,000 cubits, we will. 

Punit 14:46  
Sure.

Ramsés 14:46 
 With 10,000 qubits, we will be able to break that. So with that computing that allows you to break nuclear codes. Any, any defense strategy of any? I mean, it, I mean that's, true. Imagine the possibilities. But I want to be, again, very cautious. Imagine if you get some sort of, you know, reinforcement learning algorithm or some sort of deep learning machine learning algorithm on top of that unparallel computing that we have, not, the human race has not. Ever seen, ever, because again, even the fastest computer on the planet, the one in China or the one in Los Alamos, laboratory in the US still, they work with zeros and ones alone, not in a super positioned way. So, you are right when you say what will happen when we combine? I don't know. I have to be honest. I don't have the answer, but the answer is like. Wow. My answer is a wow. 

Punit 15:43  
No, definitely a wow. But there are two or three factors that come in because if we compare the computing age, let's say 1950s, forties, or even sixties, they were large computers. They were expensive, they were not accessible. They were available, but they were not easily accessible for everyone. Now in the quantum computing, one thing is we are talking about the power, the 2K to 2K qubits to 10K qubits. That's a journey. But there's also, you mentioned it costs 15 million dollars. 

Ramsés 16:11 
 Yeah. 

Punit 16:11  
And that is not accessible for a common person. So that accessibility will also need to change. So there's a journey on that, and then what can happen when that accessibility or when that power, or when both of those things are there. 

Ramsés 16:23  
That's a very good question, and I want to be absolutely clear also on that aspect. I appreciate the question because I  mean, remember that this belongs to a greater conversation, you know, so I'm squeezing, you know, the, my answers, but it's important to know that probably 99% of the people that are listening to, this conversation, and I'm sure it's gonna be in the hundreds or in the thousands so but, they will never buy, acquire, possess, you know, a quantum computer. Acquiring it, owning one? No, 99%. So all of them. All of us. 

Punit 16:55  
Mm-hmm. 

Ramsés 16:55  
However, remember I said that Amazon, as a, as an example, I am not endorsing any company here, but as an example, they have quantum computing as a service. So in the very same way that we use, you know, Salesforce or Work Workday, or SAP online or, or co-pilot online or something.

Punit 17:11  
mm-hmm 

Ramsés 17:12  
We will use so most of the people listening to this conversation Punit will use Quantum computers as a service, they need a very special requirements to operate. Let me share with you something and, and I'm pretty sure that the audience will be blown away by this fact for them to operate for a quantum computer to operate the temperature of the room. So how the room is built, it has to be super, super, super, super, super, super, super cold. Let me explain.  

Punit 17:41  
Whoa. 

Ramsés 17:41  
It operates at 15 millikelvin of temperature, 15 millikelvin. This is the fat. Is 180 times cooler than outer space. 

Punit 17:52 
 Wow. 

Ramsés 17:52  
Let me say it again. Yes. I'm not wrong. 180 times cooler than in the moon or in Mars. So it's, closer to absolute zero. I'm pretty sure that any data center that the people are listening to these using data centers. I mean, they're cold, but not that cold, you know what I mean? So  they require, they are very fragile and they have to be almost like in a special lab, let me call it like in a special 

Punit 18:21  
Yeah. 

Ramsés 18:21  
The facility. So this is why your question is very pointed again because owning one quantum computer, accessibility to that in, in terms of ownership, forget it. Accessibility to it in terms of computing and, you know, research in terms of using it for, I don't know, finding new materials, rare materials on earth, or finding, hopefully, you know, the cure for cancer or, or actually my sessions of quantum computing Punit and I'm going to share that with you, with your audience here today, is that, I mean, quantum computing will solve problems that we don't know today. The problems. I mean we don't figure out do they get the problems that we want to solve. You know what I mean? 

Punit 19:03  
Good. 

Ramsés 19:04  
So it is, it is magical. It's magical. 

Punit 19:06  
No, it is very fascinating. And that is the reason, because you also mentioned the encryption we have can be undone.

Ramsés 19:14  
yep. 

Punit 19:14  
The nuclear codes we have can be accessed. And that's where the question becomes, how are we seeing this digital trust dimension with the quantum computing? Because already with AI, we are talking copyright issues. We are talking many, many other issues, everything. 

Ramsés 19:29  
Everything.

Punit 19:29
 And now with Quantum, how where are we headed? Are we like no privacy, no trust. 

Ramsés 19:36 
 I again, I appreciate the question because I, I'm envisioning 

Punit 19:40  
unfortunately, 

Ramsés 19:41  
but I'm envisioning a world with no secrets, with no barriers, with no borders, unless here's the positive, unless we embrace post quantum encryption. So there's a solution for that. Of course, any encryption known by humans today. Let me give you that as a statement, as a headline of our conversation. Any encryption that we use today, any RSA encryption, Diffie Hellman, Elliptic Curve, any of the technologies that we use today can be broken. Will be broken. Let me use the future tent will be broken with quantum computing, unless of course we embrace. One of the three standards that are already proposed, there are three standards on post quantum encryption. And that's good. Probably people,  listening to us say, oh, that's good, Ramsés. Now we have the solution. Well, yes and no. Because they are suggestions. In order to become a standards, I'm pretty sure that everybody will agree that in order for it to become a standard, it needs to be embraced by everyone. I mean, you and I, we can trouble because Wi-Fi is a standard. 5G, 6G, 4G, you know, but I mean, we can move  information around the internet because the ethernet and the IP protocol is a standard. Correct. Okay. For a post quantum encryption to operate and to be embraced, countries need to agree. The problem is that in a very unbalanced world, in a world with different velocities. There are some countries that are so advanced on quantum computing that they are, they have zero interest on agreeing on anything. And there are so many that we are, you know, so low on the on future that, that we will like to move on a post quantum encryption thing. It's gonna be a challenge. Let me put it that way I don't want to, I don't want to mention any country, but I'm assuming that everybody can understand the big names I'm talking about, but for it to be. And the standards are there. The standards are, and they are free public access. You know, you can go, there are three of them, not one, but three. But in order for them to be, again, embraced, applied, the world has to agree. And in a world that I'm pretty sure that everybody with us are following the news, you know, everything is happening around the world is they geopolitics and you know. Different problems. Let me put it this way. The world is crazier than one year ago and crazier than five years ago, you know, these days. So with all that is happening, agreeing is not one thing that I see very clearly that will happen in a  in the short  distance, you know? So, but I celebrate that there are post quantum encryption standards. I do not celebrate. I'm very sad that it's a long way to agree on something about protection, trust and, and, and privacy and defense of data. Yeah, absolutely. 

Punit 22:40 
 Okay. So if I look back and look forward, we were facing a few years ago, or say 10 years ago, the challenge of privacy.  

Ramsés 22:49  
Yep. 

Punit 22:49 
 Then we have the GDPR. Now we are facing the challenge of AI at this moment or in this period, and people are coming up with responsible AI. Ethical AI and terms like that. Of course EU AI act as well. And then we are approaching or we are on a journey or AI evangelizing on the quantum computing path. 

Ramsés 23:07  
Yes. 

Punit 23:08  
And there are new challenges, awaited of course, as they say, humanity will always find its way. 

Ramsés 23:13  
Absolutely. 

Punit 23:13  
When the challenges come, we raise to the challenge and we rise to the challenge and make solutions. 

Ramsés 23:18  
Right. 

Punit 23:19  
But then you see, you also mentioned something very important. Everything will be open. And there will be no secrets. And I want to go back to that part. 

Ramsés 23:28 
 Yep, yep. 

Punit 23:28 
 That's related to the trust or the digital trust we are talking  

Ramsés 23:31  
Uhhuh

Punit 23:31  
and I want to decipher it in two ways. Binary black, because we are zeros and ones. And humans also normally think black and white, good and bad. 

Ramsés 23:39  
Okay. 

Punit 23:39
 Things like that. So, one way of looking at is the current way of working would mean there are no standard, no secrets. And everything will be open. But the other way of looking at it is in quantum computing or in the quantum world, let's put it like that, there'll be new ways of working. New standards, new things 

Ramsés 23:56  
yeah. 

Punit 23:56 
 And which will be far more secure. So, which are we saying both of them at the same moment? Like super positioning? 

Ramsés 24:03  
That's very, that's a very good question. Let me put it this way again. Let me, so, I see your. Two dimensions, and I'm bringing a third one if I may.

 Punit 24:11  
Wow. 

Ramsés 24:12  
Now remember that accessibility will not be for everyone. Meaning, 

Punit 24:16 
 yeah. 

Ramsés 24:16 
 We are talking about for a world with no secrets and yes, when I talk about yeah, potentially, nuclear codes or, you know, defense strategies or intellectual property of pharmaceuticals. You know, I mean, remember that those things in pharma takes billions in the, making billions, I mean, 30 years to approve the new whatever drug, you know, ibuprofen or hot aspirin or whatever, billions. Right? So of course you and I, meaning the irregular user will, will not have access to that quantum, but a nation will, an enemy will. Or maybe a super large corporation, you know that it's evil. You know what I'm talking about here is in a world that so unfortunately is stressed out. Let me put it this way again, I don't want to go into any branch of politics, whatever color or sight of the aisle we are and the audiences are. What I'm saying is that the world is messy these days, and if you have enough power, let's say those $15 billion as an example, okay? And if you can have access to that quantum computing as a service or on a very super intelligent AI that combines different algorithms. I mean, at the end of the day is about stealing data, stealing secrets, stealing nuclear codes, stealing the new formula of Coca-Cola, if you will. That's a joke, but you know what I mean. So the new whatever you want it to be, it will be at three clicks of distance because there will not be anything you can encrypt it with, you know, to keep it secret unless we embrace that post quantum encryption that I was saying. So your question is very good in terms of quantum computing will bring a new way of working speedier, more robust, more solid, and we have to celebrate that. And we will discover new pharmaceuticals. We will discover new materials on earth. The new aluminum or the new gold, I don't know. I mean, it will be massive, massive capabilities on research. Massive computing power as the human race has not ever seen before. But also the challenges of a world of no secrets, no borders, no barriers. Already, already today, we, don't have quantum computing, universal quantum computing yet. And we can fake basically everyone. I mean, you can fake any president or any religion leader saying any craziness, and it was not them. But you can fake it quite reasonably. Am I correct? And this is not about massive. I mean, anyone can do it with enough computing power at home, you know, with a couple of. Of good computers, solid GPUs, you know, with enough, computing power from a graphic car, graphic card, you can make any president or CEO say anything on public record and then, you know, crash, you know, the their shares. So, it's, it's a scary world and as you say, I mean combining all those technologies with trust on one hand, privacy on the other, but also good new capabilities on the other, you know what I mean? We are juggling into privacy on one hand and trust in the other, and also solidness and security and privacy and assurance and risk. On the other hand, and we are sort of juggling with that ecosystem that is very important to keep as societies of course, that we need to nurture, live and work in. Yeah, absolutely. 

Punit 27:47  
Absolutely. And I think if that's the world we are going to face or we will be facing, or we are facing, it depends on which segment you are in. 

Ramsés 27:55 
Yep, yep 

Punit 27:57  
How would an organization or a corporate govern this? Because there's the privacy challenge, there's the trust challenge, there's the ethical challenge, the moral challenge, and also the territorial or sovereignty challenge as well. 

Ramsés 28:09  
Yep. 

Punit 28:10 
 So how do you recommend governing in this? View covered as they call it. 

Ramsés 28:14  
Let me give you the next answer. The book has been written. What I'm inviting your audience, and of course you today as a friend, but certainly our listeners viewers today is do not invent anything. Just do your research. Embrace the law. There are ISACA material and other associations, materials and vendor materials, so please. Do not invent anything specifically for AI, and that was the first part of your question for AI. The book has been written. You have the ISO 38000 five hundred and seven three eight five zero seven ISO 38507, that it's governance of an AI system, but you also have the ISO 42001, 42001 ,42001, that it's management of an AI system and if you are in Europe. Or if you are, whatever you are, but I mean, you listeners, wherever you are, we in Europe. We have the EU artificial Intelligence Act. Good or bad, we can talk about it. If Europe is overregulating or is it okay? We can discuss it, but it's written. You don't have to invent anything. And the same goes on the second part of your question, Punit privacy. You don't have to invent anything. You have GDPR. Correct? General Data Protection Regulation. And if you are not in Europe, and you're in California, you have the California Consumer Protection Act. Or if you are in South Africa, you have the POPIA Protection of Privacy Information Act, POPIA you know, and if you are in Chile, you know what I mean? So don't invent anything. Of course it takes time because there are so many angles. Privacy assurance risk, endpoint identity the internet of things in, critical system. Critical infrastructure. You know, I understand it. I am, I've been in the market, I've been, I'm in a professional for plus 25 years. I understand sometimes it's too overwhelming, but please do not invent anything. There are laws, there are standards that are endorsed by no less than 155 countries. And those 155. So I understand that as a standard that's pretty, pretty consistent, you know? So don't invent anything. That would be my long answer. Sorry for that, but I guess I get stressed out when people say like, oh, let's write something. Let's write a policy. Let's write. Excuse me. I mean, you can get inspiration from so many sources already. Everything is written on AI. Almost everything is written on Quantum. Well, probably on quantum, not yet, but you know, everything is written on privacy, trust, assurance culture. Culture plays a very strong role in all of this. We haven't talked about culture, but. Culture, how you do things from a cultural country, let's say per regional perspective. It's also important. So, that would be my answer. Punit. Yeah, that would be my answer. 

Punit 31:06  
No, no, I think it's very well answered. Very good answer because it brings us to a conclusion also, the digital trust is an important element in today's society. 

Ramsés 31:16  
Yes. 

Punit 31:18 
 Then while we are looking at the AI as a challenge, there is this quantum wave coming up that's present like that. Some people are in it, but it's in infancy, as you said, and then it'll throw up new challenges. But we as an organization, you need to govern it. You need to manage. Create that trust. Earn that trust. 

Ramsés 31:39  
Yes. 

Punit 31:40  
And you earn that trust, not through innovation, not through other things. There is enough material available, enough standards available, enough laws available. I want to not name them again. 

Ramsés 31:51 
 Mm-hmm. 

Punit 31:51 
 All these laws and everything is available. So make use of these materials, make use of these laws, make use of these standards. And if you govern it, well manage your risk, whether it's quantum, whether it's AI, and if you implement it well and. I would, uh, also sprinkle the flavor of ethics saying, and if you do things, you have all the means to create digital trust. 

Ramsés 32:13  
A hundred percent. A hundred percent. 

Punit 32:15  
Now and in future.
 
Ramsés 32:17 
 Absolutely. Absolutely. And then. What you described is, at the end of the day, governance of the enterprise. IT management is one thing, but governance, I mean how you apply ethics, culture, you know of course technology, processes, procedures, protocols. I understand in this very chaotic world that we live in, especially in technology, is not an easy thing. But let me tell you at the very same time that it's possible, it is not impossible. It's absolutely possible. It just takes time. It takes the right mindset, the right approach, but the right understanding of trust. Privacy, AI, quantum and emerging technologies as we, as we discussed in this, you know, half an hour conversation, that it was a, it was a blessing and, and, and I appreciate that you had me. Yeah, absolutely. 

Punit 33:04  
No, no, I'm really happy because we have covered a lot of subjects and a lot of topics and we've have had a re very good flow and con conclusion. So now you. Regular daily speaker, and you are very much in demand. If somebody wants to get in touch with you, what topics can this expect from you and how do they get in touch with you?  

Ramsés 33:27  
Oh, thank you. Thank you for that. Well, yeah. Well, I'm Ramses Gallego. I'm from Barcelona, Spain. I am Chief Technologist Cybersecurity with DXC Technology. That's my job. You know, I mean, you will find me, you know, with my glasses and probably with a suit, if you look for me on LinkedIn, you know, Ramsés Gallego. I mean, if it looks like me. It's me. If it's another Ramsés it is not me, but you know, you will find me on LinkedIn. You will find me also on ex or formerly Twitter Ramsés Gallego name surname altogether. You know. Also my personal email is Ramsés dot gallego@me.com. Easy to remember. Ramsés dot gallego@me.com. But in any case, probably, you know, LinkedIn are X. Again, if you see a, a guy, you know, with a right pose and these glasses and you know, probably with a tie or sometimes I don't wear a tie, but certainly with a suit on stage is that Ramsés I mean, it's a  pleasure to you know, to get in touch with you. And again, I work at DXC technology, but certainly I travel the world. Actually, my next in the next, seven weeks, it will be 12 countries. 12 countries in seven weeks, 3 different continents. So that's what I do and I celebrate the opportunity as this conversation, has happened. So thank you for having me. But I celebrate going through stages of the world, talking about AI, emerging technologies, assurance, privacy legislation. so in terms of topics, that was your request. Basically anything and everything that has to do with technology. Unfortunately, I cannot talk about penguins. I don't know anything about penguins, but I do know, I guess I do know quite a lot on anything and everything, related to any dimension of, again, technology, legislation, law, impact, and geopolitics. So again, it was a pleasure, talking to you and I'm looking forward for the next invitation, you know, for chapter two of this conversation, Punit. So I massively appreciate that you had me today. Yeah. 

Punit 35:24  
Absolutely, there would definitely be chapter two. And for now, I would say thank you so much. It was wonderful to have you. 

Ramsés 35:31  
Thank you very much. Thanks for having me. 

About FIT4Privacy 35:34 
Thanks for listening. If you liked the show, feel free to share it with a friend and write a review if you have already done so. Thank you so much, and if you did not like the show. Don't bother and forget about it. Take care and stay safe. FIT4Privacy helps you to create a culture of privacy and manage risks by creating, defining, and implementing a privacy strategy. That includes delivering scenario-based training for your staff. We also help those who are looking to get certified in CIPPE, CIPM, and CIPT through on-demand courses that help you prepare and practice for certification exam. If you want to know more, visit www.fit4privacy.com. If you have questions or suggestions, drop an email at hello@fit4privacy.com. 

As this thought-provoking conversation with Ramsés Gallego makes clear, quantum computing is no longer science fiction—it’s a rapidly evolving reality. While universal, full-scale quantum computers may still be a few years away, the impact they will have on privacy, encryption, and digital trust is already being felt. The countdown has begun.

With an MBA and Law education, Ramsés Gallego is a +25 year security professional with deep expertise in the Risk Management and Governance areas. Ramsés is now  Chief Technologist Cybersecurity with DXC, where he defines the vision and mission, purpose and promise of the division. He has recently been Strategist & Evangelist for the office of the CTO with Symantec and holds the following professional accreditations: CISM, CGEIT, CISSP, SCPM, CCSK, ITIL and COBIT Foundations. An internationally recognized public speaker, has visited +25 different countries in the past 12 months and has been awarded 'Best Speaker' in four continents. He is also a Six Sigma Black Belt professional and is proud of being Past International VP for ISACA’s Board of Directors, actual President of the Barcelona Chapter, Ambassador of the association and honored to be inducted into the ISACA Hall of Fame. Ramsés is also Executive Vice President of the Quantum World Association and has had the US flag flown on his honor at The Capitol, in Washington DC, USA. With already 22 Marathons -and other crazy adventures- on his legs he lives in Barcelona, Spain, with his wonderful wife and his two loved kids.

Punit Bhatia is one of the leading privacy experts who works independently and has worked with professionals in over 30 countries. Punit works with business and privacy leaders to create an organization culture with high AI & privacy awareness and compliance as a business priority by creating and implementing a AI & privacy strategy and policy.

Punit is the author of books “Be Ready for GDPR” which was rated as the best GDPR Book, “AI & Privacy – How to Find Balance”, “Intro To GDPR”, and “Be an Effective DPO”. Punit is a global speaker who has spoken at over 50 global events. Punit is the creator and host of the FIT4PRIVACY Podcast. This podcast has been featured amongst top GDPR and privacy podcasts.

As a person, Punit is an avid thinker and believes in thinking, believing, and acting in line with one’s value to have joy in life. He has developed the philosophy named ‘ABC for joy of life’ which passionately shares. Punit is based out of Belgium, the heart of Europe.

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